Underwater habitats are structures designed to allow humans to live and work in an underwater environment. These habitats can be used for a variety of purposes, including scientific research, commercial activities such as aquaculture or underwater mineral extraction, and as tourist attractions. The most common type of underwater habitat is the saturation diving system, in…
Ocean observation is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and measurements from the ocean and its surroundings. The goal of ocean observation is to gain a better understanding of the ocean’s physical, chemical, and biological processes, as well as its role in the Earth’s climate system. Ocean observations can be obtained through a…
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in average weather patterns that have come to define Earth’s local and global climates. These changes are primarily driven by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels (e.g., coal, oil, and gas), deforestation, and other land-use changes. The main driver of climate change is the increase in…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence in computers and machines, allowing them to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. It involves the development of algorithms and computer programs that analyze data and make predictions or decisions with minimal human intervention. The ultimate goal of Artificial Intelligence research is to create systems…
Deep sea mining is a process of extracting valuable minerals, metals and other resources from the ocean floor. It is considered as an alternative to land-based mining, which is becoming increasingly difficult due to environmental concerns and depletion of resources. The deep sea floor is believed to contain vast deposits of minerals and metals, including…
Subsea mining is a complex and technologically advanced method of extracting valuable minerals and resources from the ocean floor. The process involves the use of specialized equipment and technology to extract minerals from the seabed, which is located thousands of meters below the surface of the ocean. Unlike conventional mining techniques, it is performed in…
Ocean plastic pollution is an increasing concern that refers to the buildup of plastic waste in the oceans and seas. This pollution is brought about by numerous sources, including litter on beaches, sewage discharges, and plastic debris from ships and boats. The plastic waste in the ocean takes a considerable amount of time to decompose…
Drones, referred to as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), are flying devices that can either be remotely controlled or fly autonomously and come in various shapes and sizes with features like propulsion systems for flight, navigation systems for control, task-specific payloads, and an operation control system. They have a wide range of applications, from aerial photography…
A submarine cable is a cable that is laid on the sea bed between land-based stations to transmit telecommunications signals across stretches of ocean. These cables are made up of copper or fiber-optic wires and are protected by a layer of insulation and a durable outer sheath. They can be used for a variety of…
Underwater robotics, also known as ocean robotics, refers to the use of unmanned vehicles, or robots, to explore and study the ocean. These underwater robotics can be remotely operated or autonomous, and can be used for a variety of tasks such as mapping the ocean floor, collecting samples, monitoring marine life, and searching for shipwrecks…
